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Grammar Tips for TOEFL

Grammar Tips - Structure and Written Expression !!
Nouns: a person, place, thing, or idea

Pronouns: A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.
Examples: he, she, his, it, her.Verbs:/ A verb is an action word.
Example: kicked, thought, are, felt.

Modifiers: used to describe another word

Adjectives: describe nouns

Adverbs: describe adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs (many adverbs end in -ly)

Subject: The subject of a sentence is either a noun or a pronoun. It tells you who or what is performing the action.

Articles: a, an and the are all articles.
Articles are used before nouns; “a” and “an” are used as non-specific modifiers and “the” is used as a specific modifier.

For example: “I put the book on a table.”
“the book” shows that it was a specific book;”on a table” shows that it was not a specific table. If I said, “I put a book on the table”, I mean that I put “a non-specific book or any book” on “the table” which means that it was a specific table, one that I could point to or a specific table that I was referring to.

“An” is used in the similar manner as “a” except that it is used before nouns and adjectives starting with a vowel, such as “an orange” or “an eye” or “an apple” or “an intense storm”. “An” is not used before the letter “Y”; you would use “a”, such as “a yellow towel” or “a young man” or “a yapping dog”.

“A” and “an” are used to modify single nouns or adjectives modifying single nouns. “The” can be used for both single and plural modifiers; for example, “I put the books on the table” or “I put the book on the table.”

Prepositions: into, from, without, etc.
Note: the most common type of phrase on the TOEFL is the prepositional phrase.
Examples: “I went into the house”; “She read from the cookbook”.

Conjunctions: Conjunctions link words or word groups in a sentence. Examples: and, or, but, etc.
”I bought oranges, apples, and bananas.”
”We could go to the beach or to the park.”
”He would have gone to the movies but he was sick.”

Sentences: Sentences must have both a subject and a conjugated verb. It expresses a complete thought.

For example, “He went to the store”.

“He” is the subject, “went” is the verb, and “to the store” is the adverb clause telling where he went.
“Go!” is a complete sentence because it has a verb, “go” and “you” is the implied subject. Command sentences such as this don’t often have a stated subject but it is understood that “you” is the subject.

Flexible Verbs: Some words may look like verbs but do not act like verbs.

Participate: this form of verb often ends in -ing or -ed and acts as an adjective. For example, “The talking doll was very pretty.” or “That baked pie smells delicious.”

Gerund: this form of verb ends in -ing and acts as a noun. For example, “Listening to him was very educational.”

Infinitive: the basic form of a verb but is not the main verb and can act as a noun, an adverb, or an adjective. For example,

as a noun: “To speak in front of an audience is very frightening to many people.”
as an adverb: “I plan to arrive at nine o’clock.”
as an adjective: “The work to be done was for the seminar.”

Advanced Grammar

Phrases: A phrase is a group of words that act as a part of speech. It does not express a complete thought like a sentence.
Adverb phrase, “I went to the store.”
Adjective phrase, “The girl with blond hair sits beside me.”
Noun phrase, “To go on the trip was exciting.”
Prepositional phrase, “The book was written by the author”

Clauses: independent or dependant clauses
an independent clause can stand on its own. For example, “I was afraid”.
a dependant clause cannot stand on its own. For example, “to go to school.”

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Taking and analyzing practice TOEFL tests is only a part of comprehensive plan for TOEFL preparation. In addition, you should continue to work on improving your global level of English fluency, keep in good physical shape, and relax and enjoy American culture. Fortunately, there are many activities in which you can combine two or even all three of these goals. Below are some specific suggestions for activities to build skills for specific parts of the TOEFL: - Listening - Listen to the radio - Watch TV - Go to the movies - Use the telephone (in English) - Buy books on tape - Go to bars or restaurants and

The essay topic is randomly selected. Write an outline. - You will be allowed to make notes on paper the test center will provide. These notes will not be included as part of your score. - Spend about 5 minutes planning your essay. - Your essay should contain: An introduction (why not repeat the statement and state whether you agree or disagree. Three reasons to support your opinion. Your conclusion, in which you summarize everything you’ve already said. Start Writing Write legibly - Make sure it’s at least 200 words long (remember you have only 30 minutes and you must stop after that time). - Indent your paragraphs. - Keep your

The Internet-based TOEFL Test The TOEFL Internet-based test (TOEFL iBT) tests all four language skills that are important for effective communication: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. The test helps students demonstrate that they have the English skills needed for success. TOEFL iBT also emphasizes integrated skills and provides better information to institutions about students’ ability to communicate in an academic setting and their readiness for academic coursework. The Computer-based TOEFL Test The computer-based TOEFL test measures English language proficiency in the following areas: Listening Structure Reading Writing. The Paper-based TOEFL Test The paper-based TOEFL test measures Listening Comprehension Structure and Written Expression Reading Comprehension.

Test Of English As Foreign Language is a Standardized test that evaluates the English Proficiency of people whose native language is not English. Nearly 2400 education institutes in the United States and Canada require TOEFL scores from each applicant. The test is also used by institutions in other countries where English is the language of Instruction. The TOEFL tests the ability to understand North American English. TOEFL test is administered as a computer based test in India. Computer Based TOEFL test The test is designed in such a way that it would be unlike any other test you would have taken at school

Reading Comprehension TIPS There are three major question types on the Reading Comprehension section. 1. Specific questions, 2. Vocabulary in context and reference questions,and 3. General questions. Reading Comprehension TIP 1 Specific questions: These questions ask for a specific piece of information found in the passage. To answer them, go to the passage to find it. “Lead words” tell you what to look for in the passage. It is often a noun or a noun phrase. Reading Comprehension TIP 2 Vocabulary in context and reference questions: Vocabulary in context questions ask you for the meaning of a specific word in the passage. Reference questions ask you what a specific pronoun

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Spoken English has become a part of TOEFL from Sep. 2005 Students planning to pursue studies in the United States and elsewhere, will henceforth be tested for Spoken English as part of ‘Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). The official new TOEFL will be offered starting September 2005 at secure ETS test centers worldwide. The Education Testing Board (ETB) has overhauled the standard 40-year old Test in response to complaints that despite high TOEFL scores, many foreign students were unable to communicate effectively once they join American schools and universities. When the new version is introduced, test takers and English language instructors

What is TOEFL? Test Of English As Foreign Language is a Standardized test that evaluates the English Proficiency of people whose native language is not English. Nearly 2400 education institutes in the United States and Canada require TOEFL scores from each applicant. The test is also used by institutions in other countries where English is the language of Instruction. The TOEFL tests the ability to understand North American English. Why Take the TOEFL Test? Most people take the TOEFL test as a prerequisite for admission into colleges and universities where English is used or required. In addition, many government, licensing, and certification agencies

The TOEFL test is developed and administered by the US-based “Educational Testing Service” (ETS). This implies that ETS sets the questions, conducts the test, and sends each examinee the score report. For the conduct of the test, ETS has appointed Testing Agencies in various countries, which act as franchisee for ETS. In India, this agency is the “Prometric Testing Services Pvt Ltd” which administers the test at 9 centres in the country: Ahmedabad, Allahabad, Bangalore, Calcutta, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai, New Delhi, and Trivandrum.

The first question is always of a medium difficulty, and each subsequent question is determined by your responses to all the previous questions. In other words, the CAT adjusts itself to your ability level - you’ll get few questions that are either too easy or too difficult for you. The number of questions you get also depends on your previous answers. In one section of TOEFL test, you are allowed to go back to the previous questions. Most questions in the TOEFL CAT has four answer options, and you are required to select one of these four as the correct answer by clicking

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